Npm : 21212894
Kelas : 2EB20
Koperasi mengandung makna “kerja sama”, ada juga mengartikan
‘menolong satu sama lain’. Arti kerjasama bisa berbeda-beda tergantung dari
cabang ilmunya.
Koperasi berkaitan dengan fungsi-fungsi :
- Fungsi Sosial
- Fungsi Ekonomi
- Fungsi Politik
- Fungsi Etika
PENGERTIAN
KOPERASI
• Definisi
ILO (International Labour Organization)
Dalam definisi ILO terdapat 6 elemen yang dikandung dalam
koperasi, yaitu :
1. Koperasi adalah perkumpulan
orang-orang
2. Penggabungan orang-orang berdasarkan
kesukarelaan
3. Terdapat tujuan ekonomi yang ingin
dicapai
4. Koperasi berbentuk organisasi bisnis
yang diawasi dan dikendalikan secara demokratis
5. Terdapat kontribusi yang adil
terhadap modal yang dibutuhkan
6. Anggota koperasi menerima resiko dan
manfaat secara seimbang
• Definisi
Arifinal Chaniago (1984)
Koperasi sebagai suatu perkumpulan yang beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan
hukum, yang memberikan kebebasan kepada anggota untuk masuk dan keluar, dengan
bekerja sama secara kekeluargaan menjalankan usaha untuk mempertinggi
kesejahteraan jasmaniah para anggotanya
• Definisi
P.J.V. Dooren
Tidak ada definisi tunggal (untuk koperasi) yang berlaku umum, tetapi prinsip yang umum adalah bahwa
serikat koperasi adalah sebuah asosiasi anggota, baik pribadi atau perusahaan, yang
telah secara sukarela datang bersama-sama dalam mengejar tujuan ekonomi umum
• Definisi
Hatta (Bapak Koperasi Indonesia)
Koperasi adalah usaha bersama untuk memperbaiki nasib penghidupan ekonomi berdasarkan
tolong-menolong. Semangat tolong menolong tersebut didorong oleh keinginan
memberi jasa kepada kawan berdasarkan ‘seorang buat semua dan semua buat
seorang’
• Definisi
Munkner
Koperasi sebagai organisasi tolong menolong yang menjalankan
‘urusniaga’ secara kumpulan, yang berazaskan konsep tolong-menolong. Aktivitas
dalam urusniaga semata-mata bertujuan ekonomi, bukan sosial seperti yang
dikandung gotong royong
• Definisi
UU No. 25/1992
Koperasi adalah badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang-seorang
atau badan hukum koperasi, dengan melandaskan kegiataannya berdasarkan prinsip
koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasar atas azas
kekeluargaan
5 UNSUR KOPERASI INDONESIA
- Koperasi adalah Badan Usaha (Business Enterprise)
- Koperasi adalah kumpulan orang-orang dan atau badan-badan hukum koperasi
- Koperasi Indonesia koperasi yang bekerja berdasarkan “prinsip-prinsip koperasi”
- Koperasi Indonesia adalah “Gerakan Ekonomi Rakyat”
- Koperasi Indonesia “berazaskan kekeluargaan”
PRINSIP-PRINSIP
KOPERASI
• Prinsip
Munkner
a. Keanggotaan bersifat sukarela
b. Keanggotaan terbuka
c. Pengembangan anggota
d. Identitas sebagai pemilik dan
pelanggan
e. Manajemen dan pengawasan dilaksanakan
scr demokratis
f. Koperasi
sbg kumpulan orang-orang
g. Modal yang berkaitan dg aspek sosial
tidak dibagi
h. Efisiensi ekonomi dari
perusahaan koperasi
i. Perkumpulan
dengan sukarela
j. Kebebasan
dalam pengambilan keputusan dan penetapan tujuan
k. Pendistribusian yang adil dan merata akan
hasil-hasil ekonomi
l. Pendidikan
anggota
• Prinsip
Rochdale
a. Pengawasan secara demokratis
b. Keanggotaan yang terbuka
c. Bunga atas modal dibatasi
d. Pembagian sisa hasil usaha kepada
anggota sebanding dengan jasa masing-masing anggota
e. Penjualan sepenuhnya dengan tunai
f. Barang-barang
yang dijual harus asli dan tidak yang dipalsukan
g. Menyelenggarakan pendidikan kepada
anggota dengan prinsip-prinsip anggota
h. Netral terhadap politik dan agama
• Prinsip
Raiffeisen
a. Swadaya
b. Daerah kerja terbatas
c. SHU untuk cadangan
d. Tanggung jawab anggota tidak terbatas
e. Pengurus bekerja atas dasar
kesukarelaan
f. Usaha
hanya kepada anggota
g. Keanggotaan atas dasar watak, bukan
uang
• Prinsip
Herman Schulze
a. Swadaya
b. Daerah kerja tak terbatas
c. SHU untuk cadangan dan untuk
dibagikan kepada anggota
d. Tanggung jawab anggota terbatas
e. Pengurus bekerja dengan mendapat
imbalan
f. Usaha
tidak terbatas tidak hanya untuk anggota
• Prinsip
ICA (International Cooperative Allience)
a. Keanggotaan koperasi secara terbuka
tanpa adanya pembatasan yang dibuat-buat
b. Kepemimpinan yang demokratis atas
dasar satu orang satu suara
c. Modal menerima bunga yang terbatas
(bila ada)
d. SHU dibagi 3 : cadangan, masyarakat,
ke anggota sesuai dengan jasa masing-masing
e. Semua koperasi harus melaksanakan
pendidikan secara terus menerus
f. Gerakan
koperasi harus melaksanakan kerjasama yang erat, baik ditingkat regional,
nasional maupun internasional
• Prinsip
Koperasi Indonesia versi UU No. 12 tahun 1967
a. Sifat keanggotaan sukarela dan
terbuka untuk setiap warga negara Indonesia
b. Rapat anggota merupakan kekuasaan
tertinggi sebagai pemimpin demokrasi
dalam koperasi
c. Pembagian SHU diatur menurut jasa
masing-masing anggota
d. Adanya pembatasan bunga atas modal
e. Mengembangkan kesejahteraan anggota
khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya
f. Usaha
dan ketatalaksanaannya bersifat terbuka
g. Swadaya, swakarta dan swasembada
sebagai pencerminan prinsip dasar percaya pada diri sendiri
• Prinsip
Koperasi Indonesia versi UU No. 25/1992
a. Keanggotaan bersifat sukarela dan
terbuka
b. Pengelolaan dilakukan secara
demokrasi
c. Pembagian SHU dilakukan secara adil
sesuai dengan jasa usaha masing-masing anggota
d. Pemberian balas jasa yang terbatas
terhadap modal
e. Kemandirian
f. Pendidikan
perkoperasian
g. Kerjasama antar koperasi
Cooperative meaning " working together " ,
there are also means ' help each other ' . Meaning
of cooperation can vary depending on the branch of science .
Related to the cooperative functions :
- Social Functions
- Economic Functions
- Political Affairs
- Function Ethics
Related to the cooperative functions :
- Social Functions
- Economic Functions
- Political Affairs
- Function Ethics
DEFINITION COOPERATION
• Definition of the ILO (International Labour Organization )
In the ILO definition , there are 6 elements contained in the cooperatives , namely :
1 . Cooperatives are associations of people
2 . Merger of people based on volunteerism
3 . There are economic objectives to be achieved
4 . Cooperative form of business organization supervised and controlled democratically
5 . There is a fair contribution to the capital required
6 . Cooperative members to accept the risks and benefits are balanced
• Definition Arifinal Chaniago (1984 )
As a cooperative association whose members are persons or legal entities , which gives freedom to the members to get in and out , working in a family run business to enhance the physical well-being of its members
• Definition P.J.V. Dooren
There is no single definition ( for coopertive ) roomates is generally accepted , but the common principle is that cooperative union is an association of members , either personal or corporate , roomates have voluntarily come together in pursuit of a common economic objective
• Definition Hatta ( Father of Indonesian Cooperatives )
Cooperative is a collaborative effort to improve the lot of subsistence economy based on mutual help . Spirit of mutual help was driven by the desire to give service to the fellow by ' one for all and all for one '
• Definition Munkner
Cooperatives as a mutual help organization run ' urusniaga ' is set , that based on the concept of mutual help . Activity in urusniaga aimed solely economic , not social like that contained mutual aid
• Definition of Law. 25/1992
Cooperative is a business entity consisting of individuals or legal entities , with the bases kegiataannya based on the principle of economic cooperation as well as people's movement is based on the principle of kinship
5 ELEMENTS of COOPERATIVE INDONESIA
1 . Cooperatives are enterprises ( Business Enterprise )
2 . Cooperatives are a collection of people and corporate bodies or cooperative
3 . Indonesian Cooperatives cooperative work based on " cooperative principles "
4 . Cooperative Indonesia is " People's Economic Movement "
5 . Indonesian Cooperatives " based on the principle of kinship "
• Definition of the ILO (International Labour Organization )
In the ILO definition , there are 6 elements contained in the cooperatives , namely :
1 . Cooperatives are associations of people
2 . Merger of people based on volunteerism
3 . There are economic objectives to be achieved
4 . Cooperative form of business organization supervised and controlled democratically
5 . There is a fair contribution to the capital required
6 . Cooperative members to accept the risks and benefits are balanced
• Definition Arifinal Chaniago (1984 )
As a cooperative association whose members are persons or legal entities , which gives freedom to the members to get in and out , working in a family run business to enhance the physical well-being of its members
• Definition P.J.V. Dooren
There is no single definition ( for coopertive ) roomates is generally accepted , but the common principle is that cooperative union is an association of members , either personal or corporate , roomates have voluntarily come together in pursuit of a common economic objective
• Definition Hatta ( Father of Indonesian Cooperatives )
Cooperative is a collaborative effort to improve the lot of subsistence economy based on mutual help . Spirit of mutual help was driven by the desire to give service to the fellow by ' one for all and all for one '
• Definition Munkner
Cooperatives as a mutual help organization run ' urusniaga ' is set , that based on the concept of mutual help . Activity in urusniaga aimed solely economic , not social like that contained mutual aid
• Definition of Law. 25/1992
Cooperative is a business entity consisting of individuals or legal entities , with the bases kegiataannya based on the principle of economic cooperation as well as people's movement is based on the principle of kinship
5 ELEMENTS of COOPERATIVE INDONESIA
1 . Cooperatives are enterprises ( Business Enterprise )
2 . Cooperatives are a collection of people and corporate bodies or cooperative
3 . Indonesian Cooperatives cooperative work based on " cooperative principles "
4 . Cooperative Indonesia is " People's Economic Movement "
5 . Indonesian Cooperatives " based on the principle of kinship "
COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES
• Principle Munkner
a. Membership is voluntary
b . membership is open
c . developing member
d . Identity as the owner and customers
e . Management and democratic supervision is conducted scr
f . Cooperatives as a collection of people
g . Dg capital related social aspects are not shared
h . Economic efficiency of cooperative enterprises
i . Association with voluntary
j . Freedom in decision making and goal setting
k . Fair and equitable distribution of economic outcomes will
l . education members
• Rochdale Principles
a. Democratic oversight
b . Membership is open
c . Interest on capital is limited
d . Distribution of net income to member services comparable to each member
e . Entirely with cash sales
f . The goods sold must be genuine and not forged
g . Provide education to members with the principles of member
h . Neutral to politics and religion
• Principles of Raiffeisen
a. Self-help
b . Limited working area
c . SHU for backup
d . Responsibility is not limited to members
e . Administrators to work on a voluntary basis
f . Effort only to members
g . Membership on the basis of character , not money
• Principle Herman Schulze
a. Self-help
b . Unlimited work area
c . SHU for backup and for distribution to members
d . The responsibility of members is limited
e . Administrators work rewarded
f . Not limited effort not only to members
• The principle of ICA ( International Cooperative allience )
a. Cooperative membership is open without any restriction made-up
b . Democratic leadership on the basis of one person one vote
c . Capital received limited interest ( if any )
d . SHU divided 3 : backup , community , services to members in accordance with their respective
e . All cooperatives must implement continuous education
f . Cooperative movement should carry out close cooperation , both at regional, national and international
• Cooperative Principle Indonesian version of Law. 12 1967
a. Nature of voluntary and open membership to any Indonesian citizens
b . Members meeting is the highest authority as a democratic leader in cooperative
c . SHU division is set according to each member's services
d . Interest on capital restrictions
e . Develop the welfare of its members in particular and society in general
f . Businesses and ketatalaksanaannya is open
g . Self-help , and self-sufficiency as a reflection swakarta basic principles of self-reliance
• Cooperative Principle Indonesian version of Law. 25/1992
a. Membership is voluntary and open
b . Management is done through democracy
c . SHU division conducted fairly in accordance with the business services of each member
d . Provision of fringe benefits that are limited to capital
e . Autonomy
f . Cooperative education
g . Cooperation among cooperatives
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